Amgen Scores Partial Victory in Efforts to Maintain OTEZLA Exclusivity

By Chris Holman

Amgen Inc. v. Sandoz Inc., 2023 WL 2994166, — 4th —   (Fed. Cir. Apr. 19, 2023)

In 2019, Amgen acquired worldwide rights to apremilast (OTEZLA) from Celgene $13.4 billion in cash, in connection with Celgene’s merger with Bristol-Myers Squibb. Apremilast was the only oral, non-biologic treatment for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, and in 2020 apremilast generated $2.2 billion for Amgen.

At the time Amgen’s acquired apremilast, Celgene was involved in Hatch-Waxman litigation with numerous generic challengers, including Sandoz. Celgene had asserted three of its 11 Orange Book-listed patents against Sandoz, and in 2020 Amgen was substituted as plaintiff.

The primary patent asserted is U. S. Patent 7,427,638, which is directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising stereochemically pure apremilast. The original expiration date of this patent was in 2024, but the patent received a patent term extension of more than three years, resulting in an effective patent expiration date of February 16, 2028, according to the Orange Book.

Celgene also asserted U. S. Patent 7,893,101, which is directed to enantiomerically pure solid forms (e.g., crystalline polymorphic forms) of apremilast. This patent is due to expire December 9, 2023.

The third patent asserted by Celgene was U. S. Patent 10,092,541, directed to methods for treating a patient using dose titration of apremilast. According to the Orange Book, this patent was set to expire on May 29, 2034.

The district court found the claims of the ‘638 and ‘101 patents to be infringed and not invalid, and enjoined generic apremilast until the expiration of the ‘638 patent in February 2028. On appeal the Federal Circuit affirmed, an outcome that Amgen characterizes as a win.

On the other hand, the district court found the asserted claims of the ‘541 patent to be invalid for obviousness, which reportedly “pleased” Sandoz because the ruling “enables Sandoz to launch [its] generic apremilast product in the U. S. in 2028, six years prior to the expiry date of the latest-expiring Amgen patent asserted in litigation.”  On appeal, the Federal Circuit affirmed with respect to the obviousness of the ‘541 patent.

Here is a brief overview of the court’s decision regarding the asserted obviousness of these patents.

The ‘638 patent claims apremilast, which is the stereochemically pure (+) enantiomer of a compound falls that within a class of molecules referred to as phosphodiesterase-4 (“PDE4”) inhibitors.  Sandoz’s obviousness argument was based primarily upon a prior art Celgene patent, U. S. Patent 6,020,058, which includes an Example 12 that describes a racemic mixture containing apremilast, but that does not disclose the purified (+) enantiomer. The Federal Circuit found that the district court had not erred in holding that Sandoz had not proven that a skilled artisan would have had sufficient motivation to purify the (+) enantiomer from the racemic mixture disclosed in Example 12, nor that a skilled artisan would have had a reasonable expectation of success in resolving that mixture into its enantiomeric components, given the unpredictable nature of resolving racemic mixtures.

The Federal Circuit further found that the district court had not erred in its finding of strong objective indicia of nonobviousness, particularly given the unexpected potency of apremilast relative to the apremilast-containing racemic mixture disclosed in Example 12. The court credited testimony from a Celgene researcher listed as an inventor on the ‘638 patent, who noted a 20-fold difference in potency between apremilast alone and the racemic mixture, and stated that the inventors “didn’t expect a 20-fold difference in potency… Normally, if a racemate is a 50/50 mixture of two enantiomers, you might expect a two-fold difference in potency, all things being equal.” The district court also did not err in determining that apremilast satisfied a long felt need for an improved psoriasis treatment suitable for oral administration, that others in the field had tried and failed to develop other PDE4 inhibitors as drugs, and that there had been a degree of skepticism about the safety of apremilast because of its structural similarity to thalidomide, a drug notorious for its teratogenic effects in fetuses leading to severe and debilitating birth defects.

The issue with respect to the ‘101 patent was whether it could rely upon the filing date of a provisional application to which it claims priority. The ‘101 patent claims crystalline Form B of apremilast, and the provisional application includes an Example 2 which discloses a synthetic procedure for preparing apremilast. Although Example 2 does not explicitly disclose that the resulting apremilast has the Form B crystalline structure, Amgen provided the court with the results of over a dozen experiments following the procedure of Example 2, all of which resulted in crystalline Form B of apremilast, while Sandoz had provided no evidence to establish that Example 2 was capable of producing a crystalline Form other than Form B. Although the district court had based its holding on its conclusion that the provisional application inherently disclose crystalline Form B of apremilast, the Federal Circuit found that it did not need to reach the issue of inherent disclosure because the evidence established that Example 2 actually disclosed crystalline Form B of apremilast, albeit without specifically disclosing the crystal structure of the resulting product.

The ‘541 patent claimed a method of treating a patient with apremilast that basically involves starting with a relatively low dose and, over a course of days, gradually increasing the dosage to arrive at a full dosage which is significantly higher than the initial dosage, i.e., a dose-titration schedule. The court found this to be an obvious method, in view of prior art disclosing a similar dosage schedule. The Federal Circuit observed that, as a general matter, varying doses in response to the occurrence of side effects is well-known and obvious to the skilled artisan.

10 thoughts on “Amgen Scores Partial Victory in Efforts to Maintain OTEZLA Exclusivity

  1. 2

    Amgen acquired worldwide rights to apremilast (OTEZLA) in 2019 from Celgene for $13.4 billion in cash. Apremilast is an oral, non-biologic treatment for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, which generated $2.2 billion for Amgen in 2020. The Hatch-Waxman litigation between Celgene and generic challengers, including Sandoz, resulted in three patents being asserted by Celgene. The Federal Circuit affirmed that the claims of the ‘638 and ‘101 patents were infringed and not invalid. However, the ‘541 patent was found to be invalid for obviousness. The decision of the court was based on several factors, including Celgene’s unexpected potency of apremilast and the long-felt need for improved psoriasis treatment. Although there were issues with the ‘101 patent relying on the filing date of a provisional application, it was found valid.

  2. 1

    OT, but, per Law360 and BBG, Judge Newman is now asserting a conflict if her case remains under consideration at CAFC, and is asking CAFC or SCOTUS to grant transfer to a different circuit.

    1. 1.1

      Saw that too.

      In part:

      Mark Chenoweth and Gregory Dolin of the NCLA on Friday asked U.S. Chief Justice John Roberts and Federal Circuit Chief Judge Kimberly Moore to have the Judicial Conduct and Disability Act investigation transferred to another circuit court, to avoid conflicts that come with her own court running the investigation.

      He also had strong words about Chief Judge Moore restoring access t001s and to STOP interfering with Judge Newman’s bench.

      My take on this is that Malcolm’s smarmy “are you her lawyer,” and other peanut gallery non-attorneys should listen before leaping.

        1. 1.1.1.1

          Still waiting to hear what these supposed “conflicts” are.

          You cannot be serious.

          Witness, Prosecutor, and Judge — and you are “waiting to hear… supposed…”…?

          Simply wow.

          1. 1.1.1.1.1

            Is it a “conflict of interest” for a manager to fire an employee if the manager catches the employee taking a dump in the Christmas party punch bowl?

            Just curious about what you think the term “conflict of interest” means. I recall you having profound difficulties in the past with “registered mail” among other things so just checking here.

            1. 1.1.1.1.1.1

              Have you bothered (at all) to inform yourself of the context here?

              (hint: it’s for easier than what you ask of Kyle on another thread).

              Had you bothered at all, then you would not have bothered with the inane attempt at punchball or boss firing an employee.

              Much like your attempt to twist the mailroom example into something it never was, your post here misses, and not by a little.

    2. 1.3

      If Judge Newman had counsel, was she properly served when the CAFC sent the order to her doorman?

Comments are closed.