by Dennis Crouch
The Federal Circuit today issued two related opinions in long-running patent litigation between Cellspin and various technology companies including Fitbit, Nikon, Nike, and others. The decisions highlight important procedural issues in patent litigation while also addressing the timing requirements for judicial recusal motions. Collectively, they highlight the reality that the outcome of complex civil litigation often turns on procedural issues.
Dennis Crouch
The Federal Circuit has vacated the E.D.N.C. Judge Boyle’s denial of an anti-suit injunction in a major FRAND licensing dispute between Ericsson and Lenovo. Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson v. Lenovo (United States), Inc., No. 24-1515 (Fed. Cir. Oct. 24, 2024). The decision provides important guidance on when U.S. courts should issue anti-suit injunctions to prevent SEP holders from enforcing foreign injunctions while FRAND obligations are being adjudicated domestically. Importantly, the Federal Circuit adopted the Ninth Circuit test from Microsoft Corp. v. Motorola, Inc., 696 F.3d 872 (9th Cir. 2012), and added some further refinement making anti-suit injunctions easier to obtain. (more…)
by Dennis Crouch
The ongoing dispute between Inari Agriculture and Pioneer Hi-Bred over utility plant patents has taken its next step, with Inari seeking Director Review of the PTAB's denial of institution in PGR2024-00020 -- arguing that a patentee's reliance on its own trade secret information when developing its invention (here a maize variety) is directly relevant to the question of obviousness. The case raises interesting and fundamental questions about the intersection of trade secrets and patent law in the context of plant breeding. Inari Agriculture, Inc. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., PGR2024-00020, Paper 19 (P.T.A.B. Oct. 24, 2024).
by Dennis Crouch
Throughout its 40-year history, the Federal Circuit has been largely negative toward the doctrine of equivalents (and exceedingly negative toward the reverse DOE). This negativity includes repeatedly taking decisions out of the jury’s hands based upon insufficient evidence of equivalency. In a new decision, a 2-1 majority continues this trend, holding that conclusory expert testimony is insufficient even for relatively simple technologies. NexStep, Inc. v. Comcast Cable Communications, LLC, No. 22-1815 (Fed. Cir. Oct. 24, 2024). Writing for the majority, Judge Chen affirmed the district court’s grant of JMOL overturning a jury’s DOE infringement verdict. Judge Reyna filed a sharp dissent arguing the majority imposed an unnecessarily rigid expert testimony requirement.
By Dennis Crouch
A compelling new petition for certiorari submitted by Island Intellectual Property LLC challenges both the Federal Circuit’s frequent use of one-word Rule 36 affirmances and what petitioner sees as an improper Federal-Circuit patent-specific exception to summary judgment standards. I like this case as an important vehicle for addressing transparency issues that have been plaguing patent appeals for years.
by Dennis Crouch
In a recent post-grant review decision, the PTAB sided with the patentee and denied institution of a PGR challenge to U.S. Patent No. 11,696,545 (“the ‘545 patent”), which claims an inbred maize variety designated PH4CYJ. Inari Agriculture, Inc. v. Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., PGR2024-00023, Paper 15 (P.T.A.B. Oct. 15, 2024). The case is interesting for several reasons — most notably because it upholds a utility patent covering a plant line developed through simple cross breeding. In my post, I point to two deficiencies in the Board’s decision (1) its lack of reasoning for a determinative claim construction; and (2) its conclusion that a parent-line of maize used in the cross breeding was not prior art because it was not publicly available at the time.
A Central District of California jury has awarded SPEX Technologies nearly $316 million in damages against Western Digital for infringement of a patent related to hardware encryption technology. The verdict, handed down on October 18, 2024, comes after an eight-year legal battle and raises interesting questions about infringement of means-plus-function claims and the calculation of reasonable royalty damages.
by Dennis Crouch
UTTO Inc. v. Metrotech Corp., No. 2023-1435 (Fed. Cir. Oct. 18, 2024). This new claim construction decision has two important focal points:
The case involves technology for detecting and identifying underground utility lines, with the dispute centered on the interpretation of the phrase "group of buried asset data points" in UTTO's US9086441. The accused device uses one data point at a time and argues no infringement.
by Dennis Crouch
Starting with my 2017 article chastising the Federal Circuit for its R.36 practice, dozens of parties have challenged the Federal Circuit's ongoing habit of regularly issuing a large number of no-opinion judgments. So far, the Federal Circuit has refused to address any of the legal process complaints - favoring silent efficiency over transparency.
A new en banc petition in Converter Manufacturing, LLC v. Tekni-Plex, Inc., raises the issue in a new way, particularly focusing on dicta from the Supreme Court's landmark ruling in Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo, 144 S. Ct. 2244 (2024). The petition highlights the tension between judicial efficiency and the court's constitutional duty to independently review agency actions.
by Dennis Crouch
OpenAI’s new patent pledge promises to use their patents only for defensive purposes, as long as other parties do not assert claims against them or engage in harmful activities. The move echoes Tesla CEO Elon Musk’s 2014 declaration that “all our patent … belong to you” – a pledge that garnered significant attention but left many questions unanswered. OpenAI’s pledge suffers from similar ambiguities and limitations that may ultimately render it more of a PR move than a meaningful commitment to open innovation.
by Dennis Crouch
In AlexSam v. Aetna, the Federal Circuit recently revived the patentee's infringement lawsuit against health insurance giant Aetna over its Visa and Mastercard-branded health savings account (HSA) debit cards. AlexSam, Inc. v. Aetna, Inc., No. 22-2036 (Fed. Cir. Oct. 8, 2024). The district court has dismissed the case on 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim of infringement. The case will likely be highly cited by future infringement plaintiffs seeking to overcome motions to dismiss, especially whether allegations in the complaint are unduly conclusory. The appellate panel also narrowly construed a prior license agreement between AlexSam and Mastercard
AlexSam's asserted U.S. Patent No. 6,000,608 covers a "multifunction card system" that can serve as both a debit card and a medical services card. I have reproduced the two asserted claims below. And no, this is not an eligibility case.
by Dennis Crouch
The pending appeal in CeramTec v. CoorsTek Bioceramics again highlights the interplay between utility patents and trade dress protection -- this one focusing on the color pink. The case centers on CeramTec's attempt to maintain trademark registrations for the pink color of its ceramic hip implants after its utility patent expired. While color can sometimes serve as a trademark, the Board's decision to cancel CeramTec's registrations appears supported by the evidence and aligns with key Supreme Court precedent on functionality. At the same time, CeramTec offers a powerful argument that the TTAB decision disregarded direct evidence of non-functionality based upon recent material science testing.
There is some chance that the court will issue a quick affirmance without opinion, but it is more likely that we'll see an opinion in the next few months. (Note, the image above is marked "confidential" but was found in appellant's non-confidential brief making it, in my view, fair game for publication).
