By Dennis Crouch
I have been repeating this mantra for quite a while - patents are political. In US v. Arthrex, the Supreme Court added an exclamation point. By design, the US governmental system places presidential political appointees at the top of each executive agency, including the US Patent & Trademark Office so that the US President can then be held directly accountable for the successes and failures. Note here that the accountability we're talking about is political accountability.
The Federalist Papers (Hamilton) repeatedly focused on this issue, albeit not in the patent context: "The blame of a bad nomination would fall upon the President singly and absolutely." Federalist 77, for example. Now, in the words of the Supreme Court, the Presidentially Appointed USPTO Director "is the boss."